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...shape of the [[Dendrite#Dendritic_Arbor|dendritic arbor]]. Two main roles for starburst amacrine cell have been characterized. SACs are (1) important in
The asymmetric GABA connections are essential for the computation of direction selectivity. If you block the GABA channels in
28 KB (4,401 words) - 04:05, 20 July 2019
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...e side of the soma. Asymmetry of the dendritic arbor is an unusual feature for a [[Ganglion Cell|retinal ganglion cell]] because most of the dendrites of
...surround (and related asymmetric light response), the preferred direction for movement of a spot of light, and the space-time slant within the receptive
15 KB (2,410 words) - 04:08, 20 July 2019
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...., 2010). Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the cells that are responsible for transferring information from the eye to the brain. These cells come in a r
...amed as such because there is not yet an accepted classification or scheme for the nomenclature of RGC subtypes. Studies conducted using W3 mice have been
8 KB (1,263 words) - 03:37, 24 June 2016
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...inhibition from the peripheral region of the receptive field is necessary for orientation selectivity<ref name="Bloomfield"></ref>
...oxin and strychnine on rabbit retinal ganglion cells: lateral interactions for cells with more complex receptive fields. J Physiol, 276: 277-298. http://j
16 KB (2,403 words) - 16:11, 17 November 2015
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...tion. The average diameter of [[Dendrite#Dentritic_Arbor|dendritic field]] for each type varies over 34 to 400 microns, and their overall shapes alone are
...l|bipolar cell]], and generally has a particular type of neurotransmitter. For example, one such population, AII, 'piggybacks' rod bipolar cells onto the
14 KB (2,076 words) - 04:05, 20 July 2019
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...Wire is based on the images that were acquired at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. This dataset, known as E2198, was
...l|SAC]] dendrites with the opposite preferred direction, which is evidence for specificity of connections. In principle, a DSGC could indiscriminately rec
6 KB (998 words) - 18:26, 14 June 2016
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...As described above, there are four cell subtypes, each with own preference for direction. Each subtype of ON/OFF DSGCs has differences in dendritic patte
...rom SACs. The motion detection result is fed to higher parts of the brain for further processing.
9 KB (1,350 words) - 03:55, 20 July 2019
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Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the cells that are responsible for transferring information from the eye to the brain. These cells come with d
...s at least) then passes information to the next relay station in the brain for sorting and integrating into further information processing channels.
11 KB (1,636 words) - 04:07, 20 July 2019
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...n a water trough which allows the sample to float in order to be collected for later microscopy.
The device was hand-cranked, and advanced a sample for cutting with a metal blade.<ref name="Hill_1770">Hill, John (1770). [http:/
3 KB (419 words) - 11:59, 2 September 2022
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...n. <i>j</i> is the index of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. For a linear neuron, the activation function is not present (or simply the iden
<em>C</em> is the correlation matrix for [[File:Hebb10.png]], provided that [[File:Hebb10.png]] has mean zero and va
3 KB (481 words) - 03:15, 24 June 2016
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...j</em> is the index of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. For a linear neuron, the activation function is not present (or simply the iden
...n, approximated by a Taylor series with terms of [[File:Oja2.png]] ignored for n>1 since η is small.
2 KB (242 words) - 03:23, 24 June 2016
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...n. <i>j</i> is the index of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. For a linear neuron, the activation function is not present (or simply the iden
...Rather than the entire set, there may only be ''subsets'' of the input set for which principal components analysis over each subset makes sense. This insi
3 KB (411 words) - 03:28, 24 June 2016
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...n. <i>j</i> is the index of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. For a linear neuron, the activation function is not present (or simply the iden
Substituting back into the equation for [[File:Sanger2.png]] and doing some rearrangement, we get:
5 KB (764 words) - 03:08, 24 June 2016
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...of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. The activation function for feedforward backpropagation is sigmoidal.]]
...on index and <em>j</em> being the output neuron index), then the equations for the network are as follows:
4 KB (665 words) - 03:14, 24 June 2016
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..., the lowest concentration of rods, and much smaller receptive field sizes for all cells.
...an focus better on faces and thus better read human emotions were selected for in breeding certain pet dog "species" and this is why they have "lost" the
3 KB (499 words) - 04:38, 20 July 2019
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...1987 by Luis B. Almeida<ref>Almeida, Luis B. (June 1987). "A learning rule for asynchronous perceptrons with feedback in a combinatorial environment." <em
...of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. The activation function for backpropagation is sigmoidal. [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-back-p
5 KB (751 words) - 02:44, 20 July 2019
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...of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. The activation function for backpropagation is sigmoidal.]]
...ets settle to some equilibrium state. Initially set [[File:CHL5.png]] to 0 for all non-input and non-output neurons.
7 KB (1,144 words) - 03:10, 24 June 2016
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...features of the input set which can then be used to reconstruct the input. For example, if the input consists of a 10x10 square array of binary pixels --
...ith neural networks"].<em>Science</em> <strong>313</strong>: 504-507</ref> For example, the set of 25-dimensional feature vectors in the example above mig
3 KB (465 words) - 03:02, 24 June 2016
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...n. <i>j</i> is the index of the neuron when there is more than one neuron. For the RBM, the activation function is logistic, and the activation is actuall
...) [http://lib.tkk.fi/Dipl/2011/urn100427.pdf "Improved Learning Algorithms for Restricted Boltzmann Machines"]. Aalto University.
3 KB (501 words) - 03:24, 24 June 2016
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...houghts are generated and where signals from the rest of the body are sent for processing. In order to understand the brain, we must go beyond the surface
...has been called the “final frontier,” the terminal goal in our search for universal knowledge. Yet we can more easily perceive the stars at the farth
7 KB (1,208 words) - 03:20, 24 June 2016
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...cent versions of [[Chrome]] and [[Firefox]]. Please follow the links above for help enabling WebGL on the browser of your choice.
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If WebGL is still not working for you with Firefox it's time to try [[Chrome]].
2 KB (385 words) - 04:54, 20 July 2019
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...ded was by using [[WebGL]] (Web Graphics Library). It is an HTML5 feature for rendering interactive 3D graphics without the use of plug-ins.
751 B (116 words) - 04:54, 20 July 2019
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Chrome is the preferred browser for EyeWire. WebGL is enabled by default in the latest version of Chrome. Updat
...lable. If possible, please ensure that you are running the latest drivers for your video card." That means that you'll have to configure your browser ma
2 KB (428 words) - 04:54, 20 July 2019
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You're done! Refer to the screenshots below for help on any of the steps.
...eans that you'll have to configure your browser manually to enable WebGL. For instructions move to the next section.
2 KB (295 words) - 04:55, 20 July 2019
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click a link that says ‘edit’ for that section. Click on this link. <br>
...e ‘MOSTEC Student Articles’ category. Click the edit link on the right for your page.<br>
1 KB (244 words) - 03:07, 24 June 2016
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...ould serve as targets for drugs...the idea of the connectome as the target for medications...” (Seung, 2012, 217)
...evolutionize the relatively archaic approach to mental disorders practiced for the most part today.
9 KB (1,338 words) - 05:38, 20 July 2019
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...all malfunction was very riveting. Therefore, I decided to make it my goal for the final essay to try and understand more about this type of condition.
...re a diverse number of different types of ion channels for each “ion.” For example, there are many different types of sodium ion channels that can var
16 KB (2,397 words) - 05:41, 20 July 2019
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Curiosity about the brain and memories has been present for centuries – many, including myself, have always been curious about how ou
...for the synapses to be strengthened there needs to be some sort of demand for those synapses. However, it is important to note that the weak synapses hav
9 KB (1,374 words) - 03:27, 24 June 2016
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...I was interested in this topic because I find the idea of freezing tissue for use later on fascinating. The possibilities that could sprout from successf
...ntation later on. At this point there is no way of saving harvested organs for extended periods of time, so if an appropriate donor is not immediately ava
10 KB (1,656 words) - 03:11, 24 June 2016
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...was currently known about the mechanisms underlying neuronal regeneration. For this paper, I found an article entitled ‘Etifoxine improves peripheral ne
...ingredient. Each group was then monitored over the course of several days for indications of nerve regeneration. They were subjected to tests to assess i
6 KB (964 words) - 04:55, 20 July 2019
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Kenneth Blum, Executive Director, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University
981 B (152 words) - 03:12, 24 June 2016
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...erature or pressure. However, often it is purely sporadic and can continue for long periods of time. Almost immediately after the loss of a limb, 90 to 98
...used by an injury to a peripheral nerve. At the time, the common treatment for causalgia was amputation, so he would observe his causalgia patients underg
9 KB (1,516 words) - 16:13, 30 July 2019
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...n of the variation in the complex human behavioral traits is not accounted for by the effects or genes of families. Therefore, what we do in life is not s
who had played their instruments for a mean period of 11.7 year
6 KB (1,004 words) - 03:19, 24 June 2016
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discusses causes of and treatments for, epilepsy, as well as their link to connectomics.
There are structural and genetic causes for epilepsy including Lissencephaly epilepsy, a structural cause, as well as i
8 KB (1,214 words) - 05:33, 20 July 2019
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...oblem by randomly creating new synapses to continually renew its potential for learning, while eliminating the synapses that aren’t useful” (Seung 90)
...eurons (Seung 88). Cell assemblies or synaptic chains can then be created for the strong synapse connections. This idea concerns the question of memory
9 KB (1,386 words) - 03:32, 24 June 2016
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.... We've also put up [[Starburst_Amacrine_Cell| starburst amacrine cells]] for some of our more advanced players.
...mistakes are caught, and allows us to award points. See the points section for more information on how points are awarded.
19 KB (3,313 words) - 05:21, 30 January 2019
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* [[Targeting the Connectome for Treatment of Mental Disorders]]
707 B (81 words) - 02:52, 24 June 2016
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For those interested in delving deeper into the science behind EyeWire. List of
...in2010COIN.pdf Machines that learn to segment images: a crucial technology for connectomics]
1 KB (195 words) - 05:45, 20 July 2019
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[[File:Eyewire_for_science.jpg|thumb|EyeWire: For Science! by Beth Almeida]]
...ages acquired using serial electron microscopy at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. In order to accomplish this, we ha
6 KB (910 words) - 05:38, 30 January 2019
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...mples. It was created at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, specifically for the purpose of imaging neurons.<ref name="Denk">Denk W, Horstmann H (2004)
For a less technical explanation you can view the [http://blog.eyewire.org/behi
3 KB (484 words) - 18:23, 14 June 2016
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MOSTEC stands for the MIT Online Science, Technology, and Engineering Community. It is an ed
767 B (117 words) - 03:18, 24 June 2016
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...ground to play. EyeWire works best on high speed internet. It is optimized for use on Google Chrome.
*[[For parents]]
4 KB (477 words) - 20:16, 2 September 2015
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...time, e.g. overwearing of contact lenses, the body will try to compensate for this by growing blood vessels into the cornea. This can increase the chance
...met's membrane, and the corneal endothelium. The epithelium is responsible for protecting the rest of the cornea, as is Bowman's layer. The stroma makes u
21 KB (3,258 words) - 16:11, 17 November 2015
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...rch as a game that provides fun for the players and useful scientific data for the researchers.
...amount of data that is being generated by the neuroscience field. Eyewire, for instance, contributes by reconstructing neuronal volume data from electron
6 KB (768 words) - 18:43, 20 July 2019
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...wiam, michellewooten, Nseraf, nkem, ronin, and Dodam, we now have captions for the first tutorial video in French, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Greek, German
Would you like to submit captions for another language? E-mail us at [mailto:support@eyewire.org support@eyewire.
533 B (78 words) - 03:34, 24 June 2016
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...data the AI may “overlearn” it and not be able to generalize properly for new data sets. So the more training data we can feed into the AI, the bett
...learns how to piece together connected segments, the less effort there is for the human user.
3 KB (544 words) - 15:56, 17 November 2015
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...ero, which may explain the Reaper’s frigid personality and low tolerance for shenanigans and especially unwanted mergers.
The GrimReaper has little patience for rogue [[Mergers|mergers]] and seeks to eliminate them at any cost. Any mis
2 KB (362 words) - 21:44, 6 February 2019
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...f accuracy. Every branch is still traced by two different users to account for human error.
2 KB (361 words) - 04:49, 20 July 2019
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...g Eyewire '''every Friday from 10:00 PM to midnight Eastern'''. Enrollment for all of these events is automatic.
...tern'''. You receive bonuses based on how many cubes you trace. Enrollment for this event is automatic.
4 KB (696 words) - 17:19, 6 August 2019
