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...|350px|Images of starburst amacrine cells showing the "starburst" shape of the dendritic arbor<ref>Keeley, P.W. et al. Dendritic spread and functional cov ...d by their differential stratification, morphology, connections, and roles in direction-selectivity.

...age:jamb010_side.png|thumb|right|420px|A side view of a JAM-B cell showing the asymmetrical dendritic field.<ref name="kim2008" />]] ...LGN). This was the first cell type in the retina to be classified based on the presence of a molecular biomarker (?check).

...e processed signal to the [[Dendrite#Dendritic_Arbor|dendritic arbors]] of the ganglion cells. ...ell|ganglion cells]], characterized by varicose [[Axon|axon]] terminals in the IPL.

...ON-center orientation selective ganglion cells in the visual streak of the retina.<ref name="Levick"></ref><ref name="Venkataramani"></ref> ...strips of light when the intensity contrast between the strip of light and the background is 1/5.

...of cell, each making up 5% or less of the total amacrine cell population. The average diameter of [[Dendrite#Dentritic_Arbor|dendritic field]] for each t ...most of the amacrine cells, though they are often referred to as dendrites in general.

...ature.com/nature/journal/v471/n7337/full/nature09818.html</ref> The source retina was obtained from a dark-adapted adult wild-type (C57BL/6) mouse. ...connectivity in the same retina by applying two imaging methods one after the other: two-photon microscopy (2P) and [[Serial block-face scanning electron

...humb|right|400px|an ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cell reconstructed in EyeWire]] ...kipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Sensing_in_Vision (Accessed April 02, 2012).</ref> The rest of this page will only apply to ON/OFF DS Ganglion Cells.

[[Image:Ganglion Cell.png|thumb|right|350px|A ganglion cell reconstructed in EyeWire]] ...een, but based upon studies on dendritic morphology, it is estimated that, in mammals, there are approximately 20 subtypes of RCG's.

...urons, insulate one neuron from another, destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons. ...attach/16149.pdf Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(20):8287-8292.</ref>

...alone. It is the coordinated operation of billions of neurons that control the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of a living organism. ...arts rather than one whole will lead us to a much greater understanding of the fascinating organ.

=====How many neurons are in the brain?===== <!--T:4--> It's estimated that there are 84 billion neurons in the brain.

...y at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. In order to accomplish this, we have formed a diverse team of scientists, soft ....org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=13758 Connectomics: Tracing the Wires of the Brain.]

...e Max Planck Institute in Germany, specifically for the purpose of imaging neurons.<ref name="Denk">Denk W, Horstmann H (2004) Serial Block-Face Scanning Elec ...elmstaedter, and Winfried Denk at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, and the dataset is called [[e2198]].

[[File:Eyewire_lowpoly_logo.jpg|thumb|EyeWire: a game to map the brain.]] [[File:EyeWire_Ganglion_AwardWinner.jpg|thumb|Neurons Mapped by EyeWirers]]

...ovea</li><li>sclera</li><li>choroid</li><li>superior rectus muscle</li><li>retina</li></div></ol> <ref>Eye-diagram no circles border http://commons.wikimedia ...ing is done within the eye, but most of it is done in the visual cortex in the brain.

...nd forum, declaring cells complete, editing the blog and wiki, and running in game competitions. A user who has passed the [[EyeWire_Dictionary#L|Lightning tutorial]] and has access to all active Ey

...created by participants. Feast your eyes and gorge your brain cells on all the knowledge. ...ies are calculated independently of each other and each has its own bar on the player profile. It is public and can be viewed by looking at a player's pro

...r layer of the retina of vertebrate eyes. They help integrate and regulate the input from multiple photoreceptor cells. Among their functions, horizontal The four types of retinal neurons are bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.

...amounts of effort have been devoted to characterizing retinal neurons, in the hope to develop better tools to control and interact with those cells types ...ver half of the types have been definitively identified. [2] Combined with the increasing effectiveness of circuit reconstructions, that progress is expec

...px|On-Off DSGC from DRD4-GFP mouse filled with biocytin. White arrow shows the axon, yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DS ...ne cells. Their axons project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus.

...e processed signal to the [[Dendrite#Dendritic_Arbor|dendritic arbors]] of the ganglion cells. ...ell|ganglion cells]], characterized by varicose [[Axon|axon]] terminals in the IPL.

[[Image:Ganglion Cell.png|thumb|right|350px|A ganglion cell reconstructed in EyeWire]] ...een, but based upon studies on dendritic morphology, it is estimated that, in mammals, there are approximately 20 subtypes of RCG's.

...urons, insulate one neuron from another, destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons. ...attach/16149.pdf Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(20):8287-8292.</ref>

...age:jamb010_side.png|thumb|right|420px|A side view of a JAM-B cell showing the asymmetrical dendritic field.<ref name="kim2008" />]] ...LGN). This was the first cell type in the retina to be classified based on the presence of a molecular biomarker (?check).

...ovea</li><li>sclera</li><li>choroid</li><li>superior rectus muscle</li><li>retina</li></div></ol> <ref>Eye-diagram no circles border http://commons.wikimedia ...ing is done within the eye, but most of it is done in the visual cortex in the brain.

...humb|right|400px|an ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cell reconstructed in EyeWire]] ...kipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Sensing_in_Vision (Accessed April 02, 2012).</ref> The rest of this page will only apply to ON/OFF DS Ganglion Cells.

...ON-center orientation selective ganglion cells in the visual streak of the retina.<ref name="Levick"></ref><ref name="Venkataramani"></ref> ...strips of light when the intensity contrast between the strip of light and the background is 1/5.

...y at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. In order to accomplish this, we have formed a diverse team of scientists, soft ....org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=13758 Connectomics: Tracing the Wires of the Brain.]

...of cell, each making up 5% or less of the total amacrine cell population. The average diameter of [[Dendrite#Dentritic_Arbor|dendritic field]] for each t ...most of the amacrine cells, though they are often referred to as dendrites in general.

=====How many neurons are in the brain?===== It's estimated that there are 84 billion neurons in the brain.

...most of the amacrine cells, though they are often referred to as dendrites in general. ...ht|500px|[[Starburst Amacrine Cell|Starburst amacrine cell]] reconstructed in Eyewire]]

...락막(choroid)</li><li>상직근(superior rectus muscle)</li><li>망막(retina)</li></div></ol> <ref>Eye-diagram no circles border http://commons.wikimedi ==눈의 해부학적 구조(The Anatomy of the Eye)==

...created by participants. Feast your eyes and gorge your brain cells on all the knowledge. ...lso known as "Golden Ones" in reference to the color of their usernames in the chatlog.

...sses that occur in an organism are dictated by the connections between the neurons. For more information read Dr. Seung's book "Connectome". You can see excer

...e Max Planck Institute in Germany, specifically for the purpose of imaging neurons.<ref name="Denk">Denk W, Horstmann H (2004) Serial Block-Face Scanning Elec ...elmstaedter, and Winfried Denk at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, and the dataset is called [[e2198]].

...amounts of effort have been devoted to characterizing retinal neurons, in the hope to develop better tools to control and interact with those cells types ...ver half of the types have been definitively identified. [2] Combined with the increasing effectiveness of circuit reconstructions, that progress is expec

...ature.com/nature/journal/v471/n7337/full/nature09818.html</ref> The source retina was obtained from a dark-adapted adult wild-type (C57BL/6) mouse. ...connectivity in the same retina by applying two imaging methods one after the other: two-photon microscopy (2P) and [[Serial block-face scanning electron

...amounts of effort have been devoted to characterizing retinal neurons, in the hope to develop better tools to control and interact with those cells types ...ver half of the types have been definitively identified. [2] Combined with the increasing effectiveness of circuit reconstructions, that progress is expec

...ature.com/nature/journal/v471/n7337/full/nature09818.html</ref> The source retina was obtained from a dark-adapted adult wild-type (C57BL/6) mouse. ...connectivity in the same retina by applying two imaging methods one after the other: two-photon microscopy (2P) and [[Serial block-face scanning electron

...spond to light by hyperpolarizing, bipolar cells can translate this signal in either a sign-conserving or sign-inverting fashion. ...]]. They instead make use of a potential gradient that can be modulated by the connecting horizontal and amacrine cells.

...een, but based upon studies on dendritic morphology, it is estimated that, in mammals, there are approximately 20 subtypes of RCG's. ...non-image forming visual information from the retina to several regions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon, or midbrain.

...een, but based upon studies on dendritic morphology, it is estimated that, in mammals, there are approximately 20 subtypes of RCG's. ...non-image forming visual information from the retina to several regions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon, or midbrain.

...ovea</li><li>sclera</li><li>choroid</li><li>superior rectus muscle</li><li>retina</li></div></ol> <ref>Eye-diagram no circles border http://commons.wikimedia ...ing is done within the eye, but most of it is done in the visual cortex in the brain.

...e Max Planck Institute in Germany, specifically for the purpose of imaging neurons.<ref name="Denk">Denk W, Horstmann H (2004) Serial Block-Face Scanning Elec ...tacking blocks, each layer of blocks is flat, but as you continue stacking the blocks on top of each other you eventually get a 3D shape.

...onan en la capa plexiforme interna (IPL), la segunda capa sináptica de la retina, donde las [[Bipolar Cell|neuronas bipolares]] y las [[Ganglion Cell|célul ...most of the amacrine cells, though they are often referred to as dendrites in general.

...recisos, o [[The_Eyewire_Lexicon/es#D|dendrita]]s, para simplificar. Las [[The Eyewire Lexicon/es#S|''Starburst Amacrine cells'']] (SAC) son una subcatego Tipo de neurona de la retina. Los fotorreceptores y las células horizontales hacen [[The_Eyewire_Lexico

...><li>esclerótica</li><li>coroides</li><li>músculo recto superior</li><li>retina</li></div></ol><ref>Diagrama del ojo ...ión, es la primera superficie de refracción por la que la luz llega a la retina. La córnea carece de irrigación sanguínea en condiciones normales, de mo