https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=index.php&&title=Ultramicrotome&feed=atom&action=history
Ultramicrotome - Revision history
2024-03-29T11:57:20Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=Ultramicrotome&diff=13378&oldid=prev
Solarinlen at 11:59, 2 September 2022
2022-09-02T11:59:09Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:59, 2 September 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L5" >Line 5:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An '''ultramicrotome''' is a device which cuts specimens into very thin (30 to 50 nanometer) slices. The specimen is first embedded in a block of rigid material such as wax or epoxy. A glass or diamond knife is then used to cut the specimen. Typically the knife is mounted in a water trough which allows the sample to float in order to be collected for later microscopy.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An '''ultramicrotome''' is a device which cuts specimens into very thin (30 to 50 nanometer) slices. The specimen is first embedded in a block of rigid material such as wax or epoxy. A glass or diamond knife is then used to cut the specimen. Typically the knife is mounted in a water trough which allows the sample to float in order to be collected for later microscopy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">History </del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">역사 </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Cummings 1774 Microtome.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of a microtome drawn by Alexander Cummings in 1770.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Cummings 1774 Microtome.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of a microtome drawn by Alexander Cummings in 1770.]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref>Latta H, Hartmann J F (June 1950). "Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy" <em>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.</em><strong>74</strong> (2): 436–439</ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref>Latta H, Hartmann J F (June 1950). "Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy" <em>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.</em><strong>74</strong> (2): 436–439</ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></div></td></tr>
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Solarinlen
https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=Ultramicrotome&diff=11265&oldid=prev
Pilnpat at 03:35, 24 June 2016
2016-06-24T03:35:32Z
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Microtome-ultras.jpg|thumb|right|A ribbon of ultrathin sections prepared by room temperature ultramicrotomy, floating on water in the boat of a diamond knife used to cut the sections. The knife blade is the edge at the upper end of the trough of water.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Microtome-ultras.jpg|thumb|right|A ribbon of ultrathin sections prepared by room temperature ultramicrotomy, floating on water in the boat of a diamond knife used to cut the sections. The knife blade is the edge at the upper end of the trough of water.]]</div></td></tr>
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Pilnpat
https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=Ultramicrotome&diff=2670&oldid=prev
DannyS at 18:04, 20 June 2014
2014-06-20T18:04:20Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:04, 20 June 2014</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L8" >Line 8:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The microtome itself was invented in 1770 by George Adams, Jr. (1750–1795) and further developed by Alexander Cummings (1733–1814), a Scottish watchmaker.<ref>Quekett, John (1848). [http://www.archive.org/details/practicaltreatis00quekuoft "Chapter 12: Microtomes and Microtome Knives"]. In Bailliere, Hippolyte. <em>A Practical Treatise on the use of the Microscope.</em> pp. 306. London, England.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The microtome itself was invented in 1770 by George Adams, Jr. (1750–1795) and further developed by Alexander Cummings (1733–1814), a Scottish watchmaker.<ref>Quekett, John (1848). [http://www.archive.org/details/practicaltreatis00quekuoft "Chapter 12: Microtomes and Microtome Knives"]. In Bailliere, Hippolyte. <em>A Practical Treatise on the use of the Microscope.</em> pp. 306. London, England.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The device was hand-cranked, and advanced a sample for cutting with a metal blade.<ref name="Hill_1770">Hill, John (1770). [http://www.archive.org/details/constructiontim00hillgoog <em>The Construction of Timber, from its early growth; Explained by Microscope, and proven from Experiments, in a great Variety of Kinds.</em> pp. 5-11, Plate I. London, England.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ref><ref name="Anonymous_1910">[[File:Anonymous 1910 An Eighteenth Century Microtome.pdf|"An eighteenth century Microtome"]]. <em>Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society</em>(Oxford, England <em>:The Royal Microscopical Society</em> (1910)): 779–782</del></ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The device was hand-cranked, and advanced a sample for cutting with a metal blade.<ref name="Hill_1770">Hill, John (1770). [http://www.archive.org/details/constructiontim00hillgoog <em>The Construction of Timber, from its early growth; Explained by Microscope, and proven from Experiments, in a great Variety of Kinds.</em> pp. 5-11, Plate I. London, England.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref>Latta H, Hartmann J F (June 1950). "Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy" <em>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.</em><strong>74</strong> (2): 436–439</ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref>Latta H, Hartmann J F (June 1950). "Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy" <em>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.</em><strong>74</strong> (2): 436–439</ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></div></td></tr>
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DannyS
https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=Ultramicrotome&diff=2669&oldid=prev
DannyS at 18:02, 20 June 2014
2014-06-20T18:02:36Z
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</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L7" >Line 7:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Cummings 1774 Microtome.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of a microtome drawn by Alexander Cummings in 1770.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Cummings 1774 Microtome.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of a microtome drawn by Alexander Cummings in 1770.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The microtome itself was invented in 1770 by George Adams, Jr. (1750–1795) and further developed by Alexander Cummings (1733–1814), a Scottish watchmaker.<ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Cite book</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The microtome itself was invented in 1770 by George Adams, Jr. (1750–1795) and further developed by Alexander Cummings (1733–1814), a Scottish watchmaker.<ref>Quekett<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>John <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>1848)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. [</ins>http://www.archive.org/details/practicaltreatis00quekuoft <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"Chapter 12: Microtomes and Microtome Knives"]. In Bailliere, Hippolyte. <em>A Practical Treatise on the use of the Microscope.</em> pp. 306. London, England.</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | last = </del>Quekett</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The device was hand-cranked, and advanced a sample for cutting with a metal blade.<ref name="Hill_1770">Hill<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>John <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(1770). [http://www.archive.org/details/constructiontim00hillgoog <em></ins>The Construction of Timber, from its early growth; Explained by Microscope, and proven from Experiments, in a great Variety of Kinds.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em> pp. 5-11</ins>, Plate I. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">London, England</ins>.</ref><ref name="Anonymous_1910">[[File:Anonymous 1910 An Eighteenth Century Microtome.pdf|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>An eighteenth century Microtome<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. <em></ins>Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em>(Oxford, England <em>:</ins>The Royal Microscopical Society<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em> (</ins>1910<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)): 779–782</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | first = </del>John</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | title = A Practical Treatise on the use of the Microscope</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref>Latta H<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>Hartmann <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">J F (June 1950). "</ins>Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" <em></ins>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em><strong></ins>74<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></strong> (</ins>2<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">): </ins>436–439</ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | publisher = Hippolyte Bailliere</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | year = </del>1848</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | location = London</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | pages = 306, Chapter XII (Microtomes and Microtome Knives</del>)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | url = </del>http://www.archive.org/details/practicaltreatis00quekuoft</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | doi =  }}</del></ref> The device was hand-cranked, and advanced a sample for cutting with a metal blade.<ref name="Hill_1770"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Cite book</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | last = </del>Hill</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | first = </del>John</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | title = </del>The Construction of Timber, from its early growth; Explained by Microscope, and proven from Experiments, in a great Variety of Kinds.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | publisher =</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | year = 1770</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | location = London</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | pages = 5–11</del>, Plate I</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | url = http://www</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">archive</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org/details/constructiontim00hillgoog}}</del></ref><ref name="Anonymous_1910"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{Cite journal</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | last = Anonymous</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | title = </del>[[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:</del>File:Anonymous 1910 An Eighteenth Century Microtome.pdf|An eighteenth century Microtome]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | journal = </del>Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | volume =</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | issue =</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | pages = 779–782</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | publisher = </del>The Royal Microscopical Society</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | location = Oxford, England</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | year = </del>1910</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">  | doi =}}</del></ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cite journal|last1=</del>Latta<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|first1=</del>H<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|last2=</del>Hartmann <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|first2=JF|title=</del>Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|journal=</del>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|date=June 1950|volume=</del>74<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|issue=</del>2<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|pages=</del>436–439<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}} {{Paywalled}}</del></ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references/></div></td></tr>
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DannyS
https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=Ultramicrotome&diff=464&oldid=prev
192.168.3.254 at 14:38, 4 April 2012
2012-04-04T14:38:26Z
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:38, 4 April 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L2" >Line 2:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An '''ultramicrotome''' is a device which cuts specimens into very thin (30 to 50 nanometer) slices. The specimen is first embedded in a block of rigid material such as wax or epoxy. A glass or diamond knife is then used to cut the specimen. Typically the knife is mounted in a water trough which allows the sample to float in order to be collected for later microscopy.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An '''ultramicrotome''' is a device which cuts specimens into very thin (30 to 50 nanometer) slices. The specimen is first embedded in a block of rigid material such as wax or epoxy. A glass or diamond knife is then used to cut the specimen. Typically the knife is mounted in a water trough which allows the sample to float in order to be collected for later microscopy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== History ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Cummings 1774 Microtome.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of a microtome drawn by Alexander Cummings in 1770.]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The microtome itself was invented in 1770 by George Adams, Jr. (1750–1795) and further developed by Alexander Cummings (1733–1814), a Scottish watchmaker.<ref>{{Cite book</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | last = Quekett</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | first = John</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | title = A Practical Treatise on the use of the Microscope</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | publisher = Hippolyte Bailliere</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | year = 1848</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | location = London</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | pages = 306, Chapter XII (Microtomes and Microtome Knives)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | url = http://www.archive.org/details/practicaltreatis00quekuoft</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | doi =  }}</ref> The device was hand-cranked, and advanced a sample for cutting with a metal blade.<ref name="Hill_1770">{{Cite book</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | last = Hill</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | first = John</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | title = The Construction of Timber, from its early growth; Explained by Microscope, and proven from Experiments, in a great Variety of Kinds.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | publisher =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | year = 1770</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | location = London</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | pages = 5–11, Plate I</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | url = http://www.archive.org/details/constructiontim00hillgoog}}</ref><ref name="Anonymous_1910">{{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | last = Anonymous</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | title = [[:File:Anonymous 1910 An Eighteenth Century Microtome.pdf|An eighteenth century Microtome]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | journal = Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | volume =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | issue =</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | pages = 779–782</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | publisher = The Royal Microscopical Society</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | location = Oxford, England</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | year = 1910</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">  | doi =}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 1835, Andrew Prichard developed a table based model which allowed for the vibration to be isolated by affixing the device to the table, separating the operator from the knife.<ref name="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith: ''The Development of Botanical Microtechnique.'' In: ''Transactions of the American Microscopical Society'' 34, Nr. 2. 1915, S. 71–129, ([http://scientificobjects.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/scientificobjects/dms/ResearchNetworkDocuments/basicdocuments/V1_Smith--technique1915/V1_Smith,%20technique1915.pdf PDF-Version of the article)]</ref> The metal knives used in microtomes were not suitable for transmission electron microscopy, being too dull to create slices thin enough. In 1950, Harrison Latta and J. Francis Hartmann discovered that the edge of broken glass could be used to cut thin sections of specimen.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Latta|first1=H|last2=Hartmann |first2=JF|title=Use of a glass edge in thin sectioning for electron microscopy|journal=Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.|date=June 1950|volume=74|issue=2|pages=436–439}} {{Paywalled}}</ref> However, the edge of a glass knife dulls quickly for harder specimens, and in 1954, Humberto Fernández-Morán Villalobos (1924-1999) invented a knife made of diamond for ultramicrotomy.<ref>[http://cbe.ivic.ve/PatenteCuchillaDiamante.pdf Venezuelan Patent]</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== References ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><references/></ins></div></td></tr>
</table>
192.168.3.254
https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=Ultramicrotome&diff=463&oldid=prev
192.168.3.254: Created page with "[[File:Microtome-ultras.jpg|thumb|right|A ribbon of ultrathin sections prepared by room temperature ultramicrotomy, floating on water in the boat of a diamond knife used to cu..."
2012-04-04T14:04:19Z
<p>Created page with "[[File:Microtome-ultras.jpg|thumb|right|A ribbon of ultrathin sections prepared by room temperature ultramicrotomy, floating on water in the boat of a diamond knife used to cu..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Microtome-ultras.jpg|thumb|right|A ribbon of ultrathin sections prepared by room temperature ultramicrotomy, floating on water in the boat of a diamond knife used to cut the sections. The knife blade is the edge at the upper end of the trough of water.]]<br />
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An '''ultramicrotome''' is a device which cuts specimens into very thin (30 to 50 nanometer) slices. The specimen is first embedded in a block of rigid material such as wax or epoxy. A glass or diamond knife is then used to cut the specimen. Typically the knife is mounted in a water trough which allows the sample to float in order to be collected for later microscopy.</div>
192.168.3.254