Difference between revisions of "The Eyewire Lexicon"

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==W==
 
==W==
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'''Wall crawling'''
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Coloring in a low profile trace that follows along a wall. Coined by player Jwb52z.
  
 
'''Wall trace:'''
 
'''Wall trace:'''

Revision as of 16:18, 8 September 2015

This page holds definitions relevant to Eyewire, as well as terminology created by participants. Feast your eyes and gorge your brain cells on all the knowledge.

A

Acc/AQC: Player Accuracy is determined after each cube is submitted, and resets Sunday night at midnight EST. It is public and can be viewed by looking at a player's profile. Hints for improving accuracy can be found here: http://blog.eyewire.org/tips-to-raise-your-f-score/

Administrator (Admin): One who works (or has worked) for EyeWire HQ on site. Their roles include but are not limited to: reaping and editing cubes, moderating the chat and forum, presenting new cells for tracing and declaring cells complete, editing the blog and wiki, running in-game competitions and bestowing bonuses upon winners of such competitions. The Admins are also known as "Golden Ones" in reference to the color of their usernames in the chatlog.

Advanced Player: A player who has passed the Lightning tutorial and has access to active level 1 and level 2 cells. See also: Trainee

Amacrine Cell: A type of neuron in the retina. Bipolar cells make synapses with them, and they make synapses with ganglion cells. There is no true distinction between the dendrites and axon of an amacrine cell. Their projections may be referred to as neurites or Branches for accuracy, or dendrites for simplicity.

Ancestors: Cubes that are closer to the cell body and spawned before a given cube. The immediate ancestor of a cube is it's parent. Scouts/Scythes and Admins can see these cubes (or ID of cubes) by clicking "Show" in the Scout toolbox. These cubes will then be highlighted. See also child.

Autapse: Autapses are connections that a cell forms with itself, and through which another neurite passes. See also: Self-Touch

Axon: The projection from the cell body that sends electrochemical signals on to other neurons. Axons can be very long, are usually straight and thicker than dendrites. They only branch at the end.

B

Backtrace: A trace going backwards from the point of a merger, allowing one to see that the piece in question is not part of the cell being traced.

Bipolar Cell: A type of neuron in the retina. Photoreceptors and horizontal cells make synapses with them and they make synapses with amacrine and ganglion cells. Their name comes from their appearance, as they have one projection on each side of the cell body.

Black spill: (Also called dark spill or ink spill.) A place in the cube where the stain used in the sample has pooled or spread beyond it's target. These places usually look like black spots and rivers. The trace through these areas is often rough, gappy and hard to follow. More info in: http://wiki.eyewire.org/en/Overcoming_Obstacles#Tracing_through_black_spills video tutorial on them: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5K3-z_SM6E

Branch: A synonym for Neurite. | Part of the trace in a cube. that touches the cube wall and exits (or hits the end of the dataset). In overview a branch may branch, end, or go to the edge of the dataset.

Bouton: The synaptic terminal on the presynaptic cell in a chemical synapse. It contains neurotransmitters that are released when the cell is activated. These also occur along the branches of amacrine and some other cells.

C

ca: Chat appropriate. Players are expected to keep their language clean and child friendly. This includes topics of conversation as well as the language itself. Type !rules in chat if a reminder is needed.

Cell Body: The large, bulbous part of the neuron, which contains the nucleus and most of the other organelles in a neuron. Type !cb in chat.

Chatstracted: Distracted by CHAT (again, a twisterism)

Child: A cube spawned by the AI when a branch touches the wall between it and another cube (parent). Scouts/Scythes and Admins may click on "show children" when in inspect mode to see any cubes (or a list of their numbers) spawned from their current cube.

Children: All the cubes that have spawned further up the branch from the cube in question (away from the cell body). Scouts/Scythes and Admins may click on "show children" when in inspect mode to see any cubes (or a list of their numbers) spawned from their current cube.

CIW: Chat inappropriate word

Complete: A function in the Scythe toolbox used when checking a cell to indicate a cube is correct and complete. Two votes indicating "complete" status of a cube will take the cube out of play. In overview the cube will be shown as violet or purple according to whether it has one or two votes. Scythes each have one vote, Admins have two votes.

Complete Ancestors: A function in the Scythe toolbox used to mark all the cubes that are direct ancestors of the selected cube complete. Select a cube then hit complete ancestors (or c+down arrow) (first check the branch for completion. Things you mark complete should be perfect)

Complete Children: A function in the Scythe toolbox used to indicate all the cubes that are direct descendants of the selected cube are correct and complete. Select a cube, check the branch for completion, then click complete children (or c+up arrow).

Confidence: The likelihood that a segment belongs to a certain cube, based on how many players have included it in their trace (or on weight added by Scythes and Admins when making corrections). These values may be seen in the cube when a Scout, Scythe or Admin is using the inspect function or from the overview using the Scythe Vision Heat Map. In order of highest to least confidence the colors are: light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, and orange.

Connectome: A complete wiring diagram of an organism’s neurons. Connectomics is the study of the connectome of an organism. Connectionism is a theory that the neural processes that occur in an organism are dictated by the connections between the neurons. For more information read Dr. Seung's book "Connectome". You can buy a copy of this awesome book here: http://www.amazon.com/Connectome-How-Brains-Wiring-Makes/dp/0547678592.

Consensus: The trace that is accepted to be true for a cube. It changes if other players submit differing traces, and can be deliberately changed by scythes and admins. A weight of no less than 3.0 is required for a consensus to form on mystery cells, and no less than 2.0 for lightning cells.

cont: Abbreviation for Continue. As in, does this branch cont (extend) or not?

corner cubes:: These occur when a trace goes through just a corner of a cube. They usually don't require much added coloring, if any, and still need to be checked. Since they only earn players a small score they don't show up in the chatlog, and may leave new players with the impression that they alone are getting these cubes. Not to worry, the server makes sure we all do our share.

Created:: An option of the "Heat Map" menu. Scouts, Scythes and Admins can select this option to see relative time of creation of cubes. There is also a Slider that changes the sensitivity of this heat map.

Cube: A cube is one task inside a volume. Players trace cells in EyeWire one cube at a time. Cubes are not to be confused with volumes; many cubes will share the same volume. Synonym for task. The actual size of a cube is 4.1 x4.1 x5.6 microns, (or 16.5x16.5x23 nm). In terms of voxels, a cube is equal to 256^3 voxels, so 16777216 voxel/cube. Cubes overlap each other at their edges so a trace that is close to an edge will have an iteration in the next cube. If it is near an edge-corner it may have as many as 4 iterations, and those in the tip corner of the cube may have as many as eight iterations. This is important to know when correcting a merger or adding a missing part of the trace.

cubemaster/cube mistress: Someone who is sitting on a cell, single-mindedly working towards its completion.

D

Debug: Typing /debug in the chat box will bring up information about the player's cube including the cell number, the coordinates of the center of the cell, the cube ID, the presenting axis (xy, xz,or yz), and the ID of the last segment traced. This information is present both in overview and from within a cube. To remove this information from the screen, type /debug again.

Dendrite: A projection from the cell body that receives electrochemical signals from other cells through synapses and carries them to the Cell Body. In amacrine cells which have no axon these projections are simply called neurites.

Deselect: A function that Scythes and Admins use to remove the entire trace leaving only the seed, when inspecting a cube. Deselect can be used when one wants to start over. It can also help to determine if a trace has made it into the consensus yet by Deselecting, moving to another cube, then re-entering the cube in question.

Deja-Cube: A term used to describe that feeling that you've done the same cube (or trace) before. It may be triggered by a cube that overlaps one you did before that has part(s) of the same seed and trace. It may also be the same cube presented by the server in a differing orientation. Coined by player Faunhaert. The server may also present a cube again from a different orientation.

Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell (DSGC): A type of ganglion cell in the retina that produces a response that is dependent on the direction of motion of the stimulus.

Downstream: Cubes which are closer to the cell body than the selected cube.

Dread 20/40: A situation in which a cube that should have been worth a lot more than 20/40pts, only yielded 20/40pts. Dread 20/40 may have been caused by Trailblazer or 2nd person error. If the Trailblazer missed a fair amount of volume, you could have points deducted from your score for "overtracing" (coloring in areas that are not part of the neuritebeing followed). Take a screen shot and alert a Scythe or Admin. If the cube is then reaped, your accuracy will be restored. Note that Dread 20 and Dread 40 are the most common amount of points given in these situations (20 or 40 being maximum time points for level 1/level 2), but other values are possible. Coined by player mam711.

Dust: One or more small segments that have been missed by the AI when spawning the cube, or by players when tracing it. (In contrast to a nub which projects from the dendrite and changes the profile of the trace.)

Dusting: Tracing a lot of snow/dust in a cube to complete it.

E

Evil cube: A cube with a distinctly difficult trace, usually containing some combination of merger jumps, mergers, black spills, multiple branchings etc.

Evil Cubes: A challenge in which players trace exceptionally hard cube, handpicked by other players and/or admins.

Explore Mode: A feature that allows a player to trace in a third color, different from that of their trace and the seed. The player can then can choose to include or omit the “explored” segments from their final trace. This feature is especially helpful when using a process of elimination to follow a difficult trace.

F

Flag: A tool in the scout toolbox used by scouts to draw attention to a certain cube when using Scythe Vision in overview. Causes the cube to show up as yellow. inspect a cube and click "flag".

Flaglog: Verb meaning to flag + log a cube. In fact, a scout should never just flag. They should Flaglog. Coined by player Cliodhna.

Flipping the cube/changing planes: Rotating the cube 90 degrees so the 2D plane lies on another axis. This can be done by Alt+(L)click+drag in the 2d screen. Useful for checking traces.

Floater: A seed piece in a cube that is not touching any walls. | For a more detailed explanation visit: http://wiki.eyewire.org/en/Encountered_in_cubes

G

gamemaster: Another term for an admin (in eyewire) who is in charge of the game-play.

Ganglion Cell: The neurons responsible for transferring information from the retina to the brain.

Glial Cell: The cells that support and protect neurons. They hold the neurons in place, supply them nutrients and oxygen, insulate them from one another, destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.

Glial goo: The evilness of glial when it latches onto something else that is legit.

GrimReaper: An all powerful being in EyeWire. Has the abilities to remove mergers, extend branches, assign duplicate cubes to the correct cell, give points to those who lend a hand, and take points away from those who work to hinder scientific progress.

H

Harold: The -unofficial- name of the mouse who donated his retina to science! Harold's retina was harvested and converted to data long before Eyewire began.

HH, Happy Hour: An event held on Thursdays from the hours of 10am to Noon EST and on Fridays from the hours of 2-4pm EST where bonus points are awarded for a certain number of points traced (starting at 2500). On special occasions Admins may also hold spontaneous Happy Hours. http://wiki.eyewire.org/en/Competitions#Happy_Hours

Heat Map: A function in EyeWire used by Scouts, Scythes, and Admins to visualize information about the cell, using each cube as a single data point.

Hunt: A challenge in which a cell is chosen and mergers are added to it. Players must find and report all mergers in order to win.

I

Inspect: Term that Scouts, Scythes and admins use to signify entering a cube from overview or after jumping from a cube given in chat.

J

JAM-B (J) Cell: A subcategory of direction-selective ganglion cells that have an asymmetric dendritic arbor.

Jump (In Cube): A term Scouts, Scythes and admins use to jump to a child or parent cube of the currently selected cube, or from an ID given in chat.


L

Lightning Cell (Level 2): A cell that is more difficult than other mystery -ganglion- cells. Points earned on these cells are doubled. The accuracy requirement for trailblazing on these cells is 80%. This was instituted after the end of the Starburst Challenge.

Lightning Tutorial: A series of cubes picked to train players to deal with the potential problems they will run into in Lightning cells.

Lock a cube: When 2 Scythes or an Admin use scthe the cube is taken out of play. Such a cube can still be reaped.

low conf, low confidence: A trace (or segments) in a cube that are pink/red in color when seen in inspect. Such a cube needs more traces containing those pieces, or to be locked.

low wt, low weight: A cube that has only been traced by one or two people. This can be seen by Scouts/Scythes and Admins when using the weight Heat Map.

M

Marathon: A challenge in which all players have to work together with admins, to try to complete a cell in under 24 hours.

Mentor: An advanced player role enabling one to join other players in their cube in order to help them overcome a difficulty or teach them how to play. Requesting a mentor must be done in public chat or in scout chat if made by one scout to another. Mentors will appear in the chat with Hello-Kitty pink username. http://blog.eyewire.org/announcing-mentor-mode/

Merger: An error in the reconstruction of the cell in which a part of another cell has been mistakenly included in the cell in question. This could be caused by faulty segmentation, a problem in the seed of a cube, artifacts in the image data, mistakes by the players, or a combination of any of the reasons. http://wiki.eyewire.org/en/Mergers. Type !merger in chat.

Misalignment: An artifact in the data in which the slides appear to shift over. The shift might be sudden or there may be a white slide in between the two sides of the misalignment. They are more common close to the edge of the dataset. http://wiki.eyewire.org/en/Overcoming_Obstacles#Misalignments

Moderator: Players who have assumed the responsibility of being caretakers of our eyewire culture in chat. Among their duties are welcoming new and returning players, keeping the language and topics of conversation child-friendly and encouraging players by example to interact in a constructive manner. They may remind players of the rules of chat. Their tools include the ability to mute players who continue to break the rules. Type !rules in chat to make them available if needed. Moderators will appear in chat with glowing purple username.

mootstashed: An adjective describing a cube that had an issue requiring scout/scythe/admin attention, but got stashed, rendering the issue moot.

Mystery Cell (Level 1): Cells that are available for all to play. Once the basic tutorials are finished a player has access to these cells.

N

Neurite: A projection from the cell body of a neuron, which could either be dendrites or the axon. In amacrine cells these projections are all called neurites as they are not differentiated.


Nub: A projection off the branch of a neuron that is short and may serve to form a synapse.

Nublets: Little tiny baby nubs. Usually used when there are a lot of them in a cube.

O

OMCS: One More Cube Syndrome - when player cannot stop, must trace just one more cube. Coined by player Nseraf.

Overcoloring: A calculation of the percentage of total incorrect volume added to the trace.

Overview: The 3D representation of whole cells in EyeWire.


P

Parent: A cube in which a branch (or branches) touch the wall spawning another cube - used to check traces in child.

playcomplete: Play a cube, exit to overview to check it, scythe complete it, then return to submit it. Useful for finding little errors when a cell is nearing completion.

Player Roles Players have different roles according to their level of experience, expertise, and interests. See http://wiki.eyewire.org/en/Player_Roles

pm me: "Please send a private message to me" containing whatever topic of discussion.

R

Reap: Scythes and admins can re-weigh the consensus of the currently selected cube, adding or removing segments. Re-reaping a cube having added or removed one more more segments reweighs the consensus of that cube to the new reap but does not perpetually add 2 more weight in tht cube, just reallocates each scythe's 2 reap weight to the new trace. It may take more than one scythe to add or remove something from the consensus. Unless the cube is marked "complete" players can still play that cube which may result in loss of the correction. An admin reaps with a weight of 1 million making further changes by others impossible. Reaping a cube will turn it orange if reaped by a scythe (unless it was previously scouted, in which case it remains yellow) or red if reaped by an admin. Enter the cube with the inspect tool, make necessary changes to correct the trace, and then click the button "reap".

reapgrow: With direction or permission from Admins, scythes/admins submit traces without logging just to grow a branch.

requestractions: those REQUESTS that are DISTRACTIONS from the work at hand (coined by twister2).

S

Scout: A player who looks for mergers, missing branches, and missing nubs in the reconstruction of cells. The colour of scouts is turquoise.

sc: Scythe complete. When a Scythe or Admin marks a cube as 'complete' in overview. Requires two scythes or one Admin to 'lock' so the cube is no longer in play. This status may be seen using the weight Heat Map. Scying is the verb form. Coined by Nseraf.

Scythe: An advanced player who works with other Scouts and Scythes to correct mergers, and/or to add missing branches and nubs in the reconstruction of cells. The colour of scythes is glowing turquoise.

Scything: The act of reaping a cube (by a scythe).

Scythe Vision: A color coded heat map that shows what cube have been scouted, scythed, frozen, etc.

Seed: The initial segments that are given to a player when entering a cube. These segments are present in the overlap from the parent cube and are presented as the beginning of the trace in the child.

Segment: Subdivisions of the data which an artificial intelligence has decided belong together. Players must chose all the segments belonging to the neuron when tracing a cube.

Self-Touch: A self-touch is a non-synaptic contact between parts of a cell's own neurites, and through which another neurite passes. Synonym for autapse

slurker: Slithering+lurking (created by Twister2, applied (usually) to himself).

Snapper: A cube wherein you get a Dread 20/40, but when you inspect it, the trace is already correct (i.e. your trace snapped the consensus; you are the tiebreaker). Coined by player mam711.

snow/dust: One or more small segments that have been missed by the AI when spawning the cube, or by players when tracing it. (In contrast to a nub which projects from the dendrite and changes the profile of the trace.)

Soma: A synonym for Cell Body.

Spawned: A cube is spawned by the AI when the branches of a previous cube are extended to the walls of that cube. The spawned cube extends this branch.

squigglebranch: A branch that moves like a snake back and forth across the cube. Coined by player Andrearwen.

Starburst Amacrine Cell: A type of Amacrine cell that plays a role in directional selectivity.

Starburst Challenge: A challenge in EyeWire where players were mapping as many Starburst Amacrine Cells as possible. This challenge has since been completed.

stashed: A cube that has been removed by a Scythe or Admin (or is lost when a trace changes the parent cube) from the cell. This cube status can be seen if you scroll down in the scout toolbox.

Synapse: A connection between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of another. In chemical synapses, neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic cell’s axon and are absorbed by the postsynaptic cell’s dendrite. In electrical synapses, an action potential flows directly from the axon of one cell to the dendrite of another through a shared cytoplasm.

T

Task: A synonym for cube.

Trace: The segments in a cube that a player colors in and submits.

Trailblazing/er: Being the first person to trace a cube.. A player must have 80% accuracy to be eligible. For further explanation, type !tb in chat.

Trainee: A beginning player who is working on the basic tutorial and has no access to other cubes.

U

Undercoloring: A calculation of the percentage of total volume missing from a player’s trace.

Upstream cubes which are farther away from the cell body than the selected cube.

V

Volume: The units into which the 3D image of the whole sample is divided are the volumes. These are the areas in the dataset in which the cubes reside. There are over 1M volumes in our dataset. Many cubes (also called tasks) can exist in one volume. While no two volumes are the same, each volume overlaps with its neighbors.

Voxel: The abbreviation of 'volume pixel', the 3D equivalent of a pixel.

W

Wall crawling Coloring in a low profile trace that follows along a wall. Coined by player Jwb52z.

Wall trace: Low profile traces that follow along a wall (often missed by players).

(Please) watch me: Requesting a mentor come into the cube to assist per "mentor rules"

watchtrace: mentoring in order to trace a cube for someone. Coined by player mam711.

WebGL: A web technology that brings 3D graphics to the browser without installing additional software. It is used to render the overview and the 3D part of a cube.[1]

Weight: The total amount of weighted validations made on a cube.. An unenfranchised player has a weight of 0.1 and a regular player has a weight of one. A scythe has a weight of two. When reaping a cube, an Admin has a weight of one million.

Z

Zombie merger: A merger that "comes back from the dead" after being reaped out, usually because it got traced in an overlapping cube later, or because it was already in an overlapping cube but the reaper(s) only removed it from the first cube and then lazily forgot to make sure the merger was really gone. (coined by Atani)

References

  1. Chrome Experiments - WebGL Experiments