https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=index.php&&title=TRHR-RGC/es&feed=atom&action=historyTRHR-RGC/es - Revision history2024-03-28T10:33:16ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.25.2https://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13011&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 16:16, 21 September 20192019-09-21T16:16:22Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:16, 21 September 2019</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DSGC from </del>TRHR-GFP <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mouse filled with </del>Alexa fluor 594. Las flechas amarillas indican las ramificaciones en bucle típicas de las <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DSGC</del>. Escala <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= </del>50 μm. Imagen adaptada de Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Célula </ins>On-Off <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DSG de ratón </ins>TRHR-GFP <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">teñido con ''</ins>Alexa fluor 594<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>. Las flechas amarillas indican las ramificaciones en bucle típicas de las <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">células DSG</ins>. Escala<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins>50 μm. Imagen adaptada de Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las '''TRHR-RGC''' son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor liberador de la tirotropina] (TRHR). Son un tipo de [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell/es |On-Off DSGC]] con preferencia por el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual (movimiento en la retina hacia el extremo nasal). Las TRHR-RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''starburst'', como otras clases de células On-Off DSGC. Sus axones se prolongan hasta la región dosal y ventral laterales del núcleo geniculado, el colículo superior y la zona incerta. Pese a que tienen preferencia por la misma dirección de movimiento que las DR4-RGC, son más finas en general, levemente más simétricas en las ramificaciones de ñas dendritas y se dirigen a un mayor número de áreas.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las '''TRHR-RGC''' son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor liberador de la tirotropina] (TRHR). Son un tipo de [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell/es |On-Off DSGC]] con preferencia por el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual (movimiento en la retina hacia el extremo nasal). Las TRHR-RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''starburst'', como otras clases de células On-Off DSGC. Sus axones se prolongan hasta la región dosal y ventral laterales del núcleo geniculado, el colículo superior y la zona incerta. Pese a que tienen preferencia por la misma dirección de movimiento que las DR4-RGC, son más finas en general, levemente más simétricas en las ramificaciones de ñas dendritas y se dirigen a un mayor número de áreas.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Estas células ganglionares de la retina se distinguen por su expresión del TRHR (receptor liberador de la hormona tirotropina). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">They can be visualized in </del>TRHR-GFP <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BAC transgenic mice</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in which </del>GFP <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is expressed under the </del>control <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the </del>''Trhr'' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">promoter </del>(GENSAT). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This mouse line labels two populations of cells in the </del>retina, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one in the ganglion cell layer </del>(GCL) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and one in the inner </del>nuclear <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">layer </del>(INL). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>GFP<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-positive cells in the </del>GCL <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are a type of </del>DSGC, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">while the </del>GFP<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-positive cells in the </del>INL <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are amacrine cells</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Estas células ganglionares de la retina se distinguen por su expresión del TRHR (receptor liberador de la hormona tirotropina). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Se pueden visualizar en ratones genéticamente modificados BAC </ins>TRHR-GFP, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">en los que </ins>GFP <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">se expresa por </ins>control <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">del promotor </ins>''Trhr'' (GENSAT). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Este linaje de ratones categoriza dos tipos celulares en la </ins>retina, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">uno en la capa ganglionar </ins>(GCL) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">y otro  en la capa </ins>nuclear <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interna </ins>(INL). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las células </ins>GFP <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positivas en la </ins>GCL <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">son un tipo de </ins>DSGC, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mientras que las células </ins>GFP <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positivas en la </ins>INL <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">son células amacrinas</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_molecular_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|500px|GFP positive cells in TRHR-GFP retina with no immunostaining. A. Whole mount retina. Scale = 500um. B. Green framed region showing GFP positive RGCs. scale = 100um. C. Blue framed region showing GFP positive amacrine cells and RGCs (yellow arrows). Scale = 100um. D. TRHR-GFP retina stained for GFP. E. TRHR-GFP retina stained for VAChT. F. Merge of GFP (green) and VAChT (green). Yellow arrow points to RGC. Scale = 25um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_molecular_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|500px|GFP positive cells in TRHR-GFP retina with no immunostaining. A. Whole mount retina. Scale = 500um. B. Green framed region showing GFP positive RGCs. scale = 100um. C. Blue framed region showing GFP positive amacrine cells and RGCs (yellow arrows). Scale = 100um. D. TRHR-GFP retina stained for GFP. E. TRHR-GFP retina stained for VAChT. F. Merge of GFP (green) and VAChT (green). Yellow arrow points to RGC. Scale = 25um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13010&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 16:23, 14 September 20192019-09-14T16:23:28Z<p></p>
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</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L12" >Line 12:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las células TRHR-RGC se activan intensamente con el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual o el movimiento hacia el extremo nasal del campo visual de la retina. Las respuestas activación e inactivación se manifiestan ante destellos de un foco blanco en el centro del soma. En promedio, la respuesta de activación dura más que otro tipo de movimiento posterior, con preferencia a DSDG (DRD5-RGC). ''Responses to drifting graftings reveal strong posterior direction tuning that is more broadly tuned than the DRD4-RGC.''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las células TRHR-RGC se activan intensamente con el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual o el movimiento hacia el extremo nasal del campo visual de la retina. Las respuestas activación e inactivación se manifiestan ante destellos de un foco blanco en el centro del soma. En promedio, la respuesta de activación dura más que otro tipo de movimiento posterior, con preferencia a DSDG (DRD5-RGC). ''Responses to drifting graftings reveal strong posterior direction tuning that is more broadly tuned than the DRD4-RGC.''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_directiontuning_RE_2011.PNG|500px|thumb|none|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Left</del>: Responses to drift gratings of TRHR-RGCs show a strong posterior direction tuning. Black tuning curve shows mean response, colored curves show each repetition. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Right</del>: Vector sums of all recorded cells (n=80). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Adapted from </del>Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_directiontuning_RE_2011.PNG|500px|thumb|none|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Izquierda</ins>: Responses to drift gratings of TRHR-RGCs show a strong posterior direction tuning. Black tuning curve shows mean response, colored curves show each repetition. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Derecha</ins>: Vector sums of all recorded cells (n=80). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Adaptado de </ins>Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011.]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anatomía==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anatomía==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Morfología de las dendritas===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Morfología de las dendritas===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las TRHR-RGC tienen la morfología típica de las  On-Off DSGCs. Son biestratificadas, a la par de los procesos de células amacrinas ''starburst'' (SAC). Sus ramificaciones <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">heir dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse </del>On-Off <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DSGCs</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Their dendritic arbors are symmetric</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with </del>somas <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">resting in the center of their dendritic fields</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in contrast to </del>DRD4-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGCs</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which are slightly asymmetric</del>. Las células forman un mosaico separado de tanto en tanto, con un promedio de 63 μm de separación entre somas (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las TRHR-RGC tienen la morfología típica de las  On-Off DSGCs. Son biestratificadas, a la par de los procesos de células amacrinas ''starburst'' (SAC). Sus ramificaciones <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">muestran los patrones en bucle presentes en las ''</ins>On-Off <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DSGC'' de ratón</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sus ramificaciones son simétricas</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">con lo </ins>somas <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">que yacen en el centro de los campos dendríticos</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a diferencia de las </ins>DRD4-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGC</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">que son un poco menos simétricas</ins>. Las células forman un mosaico separado de tanto en tanto, con un promedio de 63 μm de separación entre somas (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaico con cuatro TRHR-RGC. Las dendritas biestratificadas pueden verse abajo. Barra: 100 μm. Imagen adaptada de Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaico con cuatro TRHR-RGC. Las dendritas biestratificadas pueden verse abajo. Barra: 100 μm. Imagen adaptada de Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13009&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 16:04, 14 September 20192019-09-14T16:04:19Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anatomía==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anatomía==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Morfología de las dendritas===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Morfología de las dendritas===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las TRHR-RGC tienen la morfología típica de las  On-Off DSGCs. Son biestratificadas, a la par de los procesos de células amacrinas ''starburst'' (SAC). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Their </del>dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. Las células forman un mosaico separado de tanto en tanto, con un promedio de 63 μm de separación entre somas (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las TRHR-RGC tienen la morfología típica de las  On-Off DSGCs. Son biestratificadas, a la par de los procesos de células amacrinas ''starburst'' (SAC). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sus ramificaciones heir </ins>dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. Las células forman un mosaico separado de tanto en tanto, con un promedio de 63 μm de separación entre somas (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mosaic of four </del>TRHR-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGCs</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bistratification of dendrites can be seen below</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Scale= 100um</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Image adapted from </del>Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mosaico con cuatro </ins>TRHR-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGC</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las dendritas biestratificadas pueden verse abajo</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Barra: 100 μm</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Imagen adaptada de </ins>Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Salida de la retina===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Salida de la retina===</div></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13008&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 15:57, 14 September 20192019-09-14T15:57:59Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:57, 14 September 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Las flechas amarillas indican las ramificaciones en bucle típicas de las DSGC. Escala = 50 μm. Imagen adaptada de Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Las flechas amarillas indican las ramificaciones en bucle típicas de las DSGC. Escala = 50 μm. Imagen adaptada de Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las '''TRHR-RGC''' son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor liberador de la tirotropina] (TRHR). Son un tipo de [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell/es<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] (</del>On-Off DSGC<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) </del>con preferencia por el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual (movimiento en la retina hacia el extremo nasal). Las TRHR-RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''starburst'', como otras clases de células On-Off DSGC. Sus axones se prolongan hasta la región dosal y ventral laterales del núcleo geniculado, el colículo superior y la zona incerta. Pese a que tienen preferencia por la misma dirección de movimiento que las DR4-RGC, son más finas en general, levemente más simétricas en las ramificaciones de ñas dendritas y se dirigen a un mayor número de áreas.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las '''TRHR-RGC''' son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor liberador de la tirotropina] (TRHR). Son un tipo de [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell/es <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</ins>On-Off DSGC<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>con preferencia por el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual (movimiento en la retina hacia el extremo nasal). Las TRHR-RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''starburst'', como otras clases de células On-Off DSGC. Sus axones se prolongan hasta la región dosal y ventral laterales del núcleo geniculado, el colículo superior y la zona incerta. Pese a que tienen preferencia por la misma dirección de movimiento que las DR4-RGC, son más finas en general, levemente más simétricas en las ramificaciones de ñas dendritas y se dirigen a un mayor número de áreas.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L16" >Line 16:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 16:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anatomía==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Anatomía==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Morfología de las dendritas===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Morfología de las dendritas===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TRHR-RGC <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cells exhibit canonical morphological characteristics of </del>On-Off DSGCs. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">They are bistratified</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">costratifying with </del>starburst <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amacrine cell </del>(SAC) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">processes</del>. Their dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The cells form a regularly spaced mosaic with an average soma spacing of 63um </del>(Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las </ins>TRHR-RGC <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tienen la morfología típica de las  </ins>On-Off DSGCs. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Son biestratificadas</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a la par de los procesos de células amacrinas ''</ins>starburst<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>(SAC). Their dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las células forman un mosaico separado de tanto en tanto, con un promedio de 63 μm de separación entre somas </ins>(Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaic of four TRHR-RGCs. Bistratification of dendrites can be seen below. Scale= 100um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaic of four TRHR-RGCs. Bistratification of dendrites can be seen below. Scale= 100um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13007&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 15:44, 14 September 20192019-09-14T15:44:08Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:44, 14 September 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DSGCs</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Scale </del>= <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">50um</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Image adapted from </del>Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las flechas amarillas indican las ramificaciones en bucle típicas de las DSGC</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Escala </ins>= <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">50 μm</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Imagen adaptada de </ins>Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las '''TRHR-RGC''' son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor liberador de la tirotropina] (TRHR). Son un tipo de [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell/es]] (On-Off DSGC) con preferencia por el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual (movimiento en la retina hacia el extremo nasal). Las TRHR-RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''starburst'', como otras clases de células On-Off DSGC. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Their axons project to the dorsal and </del>ventral <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lateral geniculate nucleus</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>superior <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">colliculus, and the </del>zona incerta. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Although they prefer the same direction of motion DRD4</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGCs, they are more broadly tuned</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">slightly more symmetrical in dendritic arbor</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and project to </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">broader range of areas</del>.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Las '''TRHR-RGC''' son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor liberador de la tirotropina] (TRHR). Son un tipo de [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell/es]] (On-Off DSGC) con preferencia por el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual (movimiento en la retina hacia el extremo nasal). Las TRHR-RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''starburst'', como otras clases de células On-Off DSGC. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Sus axones se prolongan hasta la región dosal y </ins>ventral <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">laterales del núcleo geniculado</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">el colículo </ins>superior <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">y la </ins>zona incerta. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pese a que tienen preferencia por la misma dirección de movimiento que las DR4</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGC</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">son más finas en general</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">levemente más simétricas en las ramificaciones de ñas dendritas y se dirigen </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">un mayor número de áreas</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These retinal ganglion cells are defined by their expression of </del>TRHR (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">thyrotropin-releasing hormone </del>receptor). They can be visualized in TRHR-GFP BAC transgenic mice, in which GFP is expressed under the control of the ''Trhr'' promoter (GENSAT). This mouse line labels two populations of cells in the retina, one in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and one in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The GFP-positive cells in the GCL are a type of DSGC, while the GFP-positive cells in the INL are amacrine cells.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Estas células ganglionares de la retina se distinguen por su expresión del </ins>TRHR (receptor <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liberador de la hormona tirotropina</ins>). They can be visualized in TRHR-GFP BAC transgenic mice, in which GFP is expressed under the control of the ''Trhr'' promoter (GENSAT). This mouse line labels two populations of cells in the retina, one in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and one in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The GFP-positive cells in the GCL are a type of DSGC, while the GFP-positive cells in the INL are amacrine cells.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_molecular_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|500px|GFP positive cells in TRHR-GFP retina with no immunostaining. A. Whole mount retina. Scale = 500um. B. Green framed region showing GFP positive RGCs. scale = 100um. C. Blue framed region showing GFP positive amacrine cells and RGCs (yellow arrows). Scale = 100um. D. TRHR-GFP retina stained for GFP. E. TRHR-GFP retina stained for VAChT. F. Merge of GFP (green) and VAChT (green). Yellow arrow points to RGC. Scale = 25um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_molecular_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|500px|GFP positive cells in TRHR-GFP retina with no immunostaining. A. Whole mount retina. Scale = 500um. B. Green framed region showing GFP positive RGCs. scale = 100um. C. Blue framed region showing GFP positive amacrine cells and RGCs (yellow arrows). Scale = 100um. D. TRHR-GFP retina stained for GFP. E. TRHR-GFP retina stained for VAChT. F. Merge of GFP (green) and VAChT (green). Yellow arrow points to RGC. Scale = 25um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13006&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 13:25, 14 September 20192019-09-14T13:25:28Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:25, 14 September 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DSGCs. Scale = 50um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DSGCs. Scale = 50um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''TRHR-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGCs</del>''' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are retinal ganglion cells that express </del>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">thyrotropin-releasing hormone </del>receptor] (TRHR). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">They are a type of </del>[[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell]] (On-Off DSGC) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that prefers </del>posterior <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">motion within the </del>visual <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">field </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">motion on the </del>retina <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">towards the </del>nasal <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pole</del>). TRHR-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGCs have bistratified dendrites and receive synaptic input from </del>starburst <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amacrine cells</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">like other </del>On-Off DSGC <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">types</del>. Their axons project to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the zona incerta. Although they prefer the same direction of motion DRD4-RGCs, they are more broadly tuned, slightly more symmetrical in dendritic arbor, and project to a broader range of areas.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las </ins>'''TRHR-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGC</ins>''' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">son células ganglionares de la retina que expresan el </ins>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor receptor <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liberador de la tirotropina</ins>] (TRHR). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Son un tipo de </ins>[[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/es</ins>]] (On-Off DSGC) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">con preferencia por el movimiento </ins>posterior <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dentro del campo </ins>visual (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">movimiento en la </ins>retina <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hacia el extremo </ins>nasal). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Las </ins>TRHR-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">RGC tienen dendritas en doble capa y reciben información sináptica de laa células amacrinas ''</ins>starburst<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">como otras clases de células </ins>On-Off DSGC. Their axons project to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the zona incerta. Although they prefer the same direction of motion DRD4-RGCs, they are more broadly tuned, slightly more symmetrical in dendritic arbor, and project to a broader range of areas.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definición molecular==</div></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13004&oldid=prevOrtegargz at 02:24, 14 September 20192019-09-14T02:24:29Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:24, 14 September 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L3" >Line 3:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''TRHR-RGCs''' are retinal ganglion cells that express [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor] (TRHR). They are a type of [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell]] (On-Off DSGC) that prefers posterior motion within the visual field (motion on the retina towards the nasal pole). TRHR-RGCs have bistratified dendrites and receive synaptic input from starburst amacrine cells, like other On-Off DSGC types. Their axons project to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the zona incerta. Although they prefer the same direction of motion DRD4-RGCs, they are more broadly tuned, slightly more symmetrical in dendritic arbor, and project to a broader range of areas.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''TRHR-RGCs''' are retinal ganglion cells that express [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor] (TRHR). They are a type of [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell]] (On-Off DSGC) that prefers posterior motion within the visual field (motion on the retina towards the nasal pole). TRHR-RGCs have bistratified dendrites and receive synaptic input from starburst amacrine cells, like other On-Off DSGC types. Their axons project to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the zona incerta. Although they prefer the same direction of motion DRD4-RGCs, they are more broadly tuned, slightly more symmetrical in dendritic arbor, and project to a broader range of areas.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Molecular definition</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Definición molecular</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These retinal ganglion cells are defined by their expression of TRHR (thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor). They can be visualized in TRHR-GFP BAC transgenic mice, in which GFP is expressed under the control of the ''Trhr'' promoter (GENSAT). This mouse line labels two populations of cells in the retina, one in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and one in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The GFP-positive cells in the GCL are a type of DSGC, while the GFP-positive cells in the INL are amacrine cells.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These retinal ganglion cells are defined by their expression of TRHR (thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor). They can be visualized in TRHR-GFP BAC transgenic mice, in which GFP is expressed under the control of the ''Trhr'' promoter (GENSAT). This mouse line labels two populations of cells in the retina, one in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and one in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The GFP-positive cells in the GCL are a type of DSGC, while the GFP-positive cells in the INL are amacrine cells.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_directiontuning_RE_2011.PNG|500px|thumb|none|Left: Responses to drift gratings of TRHR-RGCs show a strong posterior direction tuning. Black tuning curve shows mean response, colored curves show each repetition. Right: Vector sums of all recorded cells (n=80). Adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_directiontuning_RE_2011.PNG|500px|thumb|none|Left: Responses to drift gratings of TRHR-RGCs show a strong posterior direction tuning. Black tuning curve shows mean response, colored curves show each repetition. Right: Vector sums of all recorded cells (n=80). Adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Anatomy</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Anatomía</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dendritic Morphology</del>===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Morfología de las dendritas</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TRHR-RGC cells exhibit canonical morphological characteristics of On-Off DSGCs. They are bistratified, costratifying with starburst amacrine cell (SAC) processes. Their dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. The cells form a regularly spaced mosaic with an average soma spacing of 63um (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TRHR-RGC cells exhibit canonical morphological characteristics of On-Off DSGCs. They are bistratified, costratifying with starburst amacrine cell (SAC) processes. Their dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. The cells form a regularly spaced mosaic with an average soma spacing of 63um (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaic of four TRHR-RGCs. Bistratification of dendrites can be seen below. Scale= 100um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaic of four TRHR-RGCs. Bistratification of dendrites can be seen below. Scale= 100um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Retinal Input</del>===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Salida de la retina</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the exact cell types that TRHR-RGCs receive input from are still unknown, they are thought to exhibit the same overall connectivity as canonical On-Off DSGCs.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the exact cell types that TRHR-RGCs receive input from are still unknown, they are thought to exhibit the same overall connectivity as canonical On-Off DSGCs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Central Projections</del>===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Prolongaciones centrales</ins>===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TRHR-RGCs send their axons to several areas of the brain: the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN and vLGN), the superior colliculus (SC), and the zona incerta (ZI). In the dLGN, TRHR-RGCs send their axons to a thin layer medial to the optic tract, in the same area that which DRD4-RGCs project to. They also innervate the lateral portion of the vLGN, which receives little projection from DRD4-RGCs. In the SC, they project to the lower stratum griseum superficialis (lSGS), much like DRD4-RGCs, although their terminations are more patchy (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011, Huberman et al., 2009). The ZI, a forebrain area ventral to the vLGN, also receives input from TRHR-RGCs.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>TRHR-RGCs send their axons to several areas of the brain: the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN and vLGN), the superior colliculus (SC), and the zona incerta (ZI). In the dLGN, TRHR-RGCs send their axons to a thin layer medial to the optic tract, in the same area that which DRD4-RGCs project to. They also innervate the lateral portion of the vLGN, which receives little projection from DRD4-RGCs. In the SC, they project to the lower stratum griseum superficialis (lSGS), much like DRD4-RGCs, although their terminations are more patchy (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011, Huberman et al., 2009). The ZI, a forebrain area ventral to the vLGN, also receives input from TRHR-RGCs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L31" >Line 31:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_zi_Re2011.PNG|500px|thumb|right|Interestingly, TRHR-RGC axons also project to the zona incerta (ZI). Scale = 30um. D'. RGC axons stained with CTb-594. E'. TRHR-RGC axon terminations within the ZI stained with GFP. F' Merge of both. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Trhr_zi_Re2011.PNG|500px|thumb|right|Interestingly, TRHR-RGC axons also project to the zona incerta (ZI). Scale = 30um. D'. RGC axons stained with CTb-594. E'. TRHR-RGC axon terminations within the ZI stained with GFP. F' Merge of both. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">History</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Historia</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the presence of On-Off DSGCs have been known since 1968, the central projections and molecular markers for each subtype of On-Off DSGC have not been fully uncovered. The use of transgenic mice has made this task increasingly easier. This particular subtype of On-Off DSGC was discovered by Rivlin-Etzion et al. in 2011.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although the presence of On-Off DSGCs have been known since 1968, the central projections and molecular markers for each subtype of On-Off DSGC have not been fully uncovered. The use of transgenic mice has made this task increasingly easier. This particular subtype of On-Off DSGC was discovered by Rivlin-Etzion et al. in 2011.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">References</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Referencias</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Huberman AD, Wei W, Elstrott J, Stafford BK, Feller MB, Barres BA (2009). Genetic identification of an On-Off direction selective ganglion cell subtype reveals a layer-specific subcortical map of posterior motion. Neuron 62, 327-334. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=huberman+2009+posterior PubMed] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140054/ Free PMC article]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Huberman AD, Wei W, Elstrott J, Stafford BK, Feller MB, Barres BA (2009). Genetic identification of an On-Off direction selective ganglion cell subtype reveals a layer-specific subcortical map of posterior motion. Neuron 62, 327-334. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=huberman+2009+posterior PubMed] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140054/ Free PMC article]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
</table>Ortegargzhttps://wiki.eyewire.org/index.php?title=TRHR-RGC/es&diff=13003&oldid=prevOrtegargz: Created page with "File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DSGCs...."2019-09-14T02:13:45Z<p>Created page with "File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DSGCs...."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Trhr_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|800px|On-Off DSGC from TRHR-GFP mouse filled with Alexa fluor 594. Yellow arrows show "looping" arborizations characteristic of mouse DSGCs. Scale = 50um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2009]]<br />
<br />
'''TRHR-RGCs''' are retinal ganglion cells that express [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor] (TRHR). They are a type of [[On-Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cell]] (On-Off DSGC) that prefers posterior motion within the visual field (motion on the retina towards the nasal pole). TRHR-RGCs have bistratified dendrites and receive synaptic input from starburst amacrine cells, like other On-Off DSGC types. Their axons project to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the zona incerta. Although they prefer the same direction of motion DRD4-RGCs, they are more broadly tuned, slightly more symmetrical in dendritic arbor, and project to a broader range of areas. <br />
<br />
==Molecular definition==<br />
<br />
These retinal ganglion cells are defined by their expression of TRHR (thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor). They can be visualized in TRHR-GFP BAC transgenic mice, in which GFP is expressed under the control of the ''Trhr'' promoter (GENSAT). This mouse line labels two populations of cells in the retina, one in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and one in the inner nuclear layer (INL). The GFP-positive cells in the GCL are a type of DSGC, while the GFP-positive cells in the INL are amacrine cells.<br />
<br />
[[File:Trhr_molecular_RE2011.PNG|thumb|right|500px|GFP positive cells in TRHR-GFP retina with no immunostaining. A. Whole mount retina. Scale = 500um. B. Green framed region showing GFP positive RGCs. scale = 100um. C. Blue framed region showing GFP positive amacrine cells and RGCs (yellow arrows). Scale = 100um. D. TRHR-GFP retina stained for GFP. E. TRHR-GFP retina stained for VAChT. F. Merge of GFP (green) and VAChT (green). Yellow arrow points to RGC. Scale = 25um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]<br />
<br />
==Fisiología==<br />
Las células TRHR-RGC se activan intensamente con el movimiento posterior dentro del campo visual o el movimiento hacia el extremo nasal del campo visual de la retina. Las respuestas activación e inactivación se manifiestan ante destellos de un foco blanco en el centro del soma. En promedio, la respuesta de activación dura más que otro tipo de movimiento posterior, con preferencia a DSDG (DRD5-RGC). ''Responses to drifting graftings reveal strong posterior direction tuning that is more broadly tuned than the DRD4-RGC.''<br />
<br />
[[File:Trhr_directiontuning_RE_2011.PNG|500px|thumb|none|Left: Responses to drift gratings of TRHR-RGCs show a strong posterior direction tuning. Black tuning curve shows mean response, colored curves show each repetition. Right: Vector sums of all recorded cells (n=80). Adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011.]]<br />
<br />
==Anatomy==<br />
===Dendritic Morphology===<br />
TRHR-RGC cells exhibit canonical morphological characteristics of On-Off DSGCs. They are bistratified, costratifying with starburst amacrine cell (SAC) processes. Their dendritic arbors exhibit "looping" patterns prevalent in mouse On-Off DSGCs. Their dendritic arbors are symmetric, with somas resting in the center of their dendritic fields, in contrast to DRD4-RGCs, which are slightly asymmetric. The cells form a regularly spaced mosaic with an average soma spacing of 63um (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011).<br />
<br />
[[File:Trhr_morph_RE2011.PNG|thumb|500px|none|Mosaic of four TRHR-RGCs. Bistratification of dendrites can be seen below. Scale= 100um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]<br />
<br />
===Retinal Input===<br />
Although the exact cell types that TRHR-RGCs receive input from are still unknown, they are thought to exhibit the same overall connectivity as canonical On-Off DSGCs.<br />
<br />
===Central Projections===<br />
<br />
TRHR-RGCs send their axons to several areas of the brain: the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN and vLGN), the superior colliculus (SC), and the zona incerta (ZI). In the dLGN, TRHR-RGCs send their axons to a thin layer medial to the optic tract, in the same area that which DRD4-RGCs project to. They also innervate the lateral portion of the vLGN, which receives little projection from DRD4-RGCs. In the SC, they project to the lower stratum griseum superficialis (lSGS), much like DRD4-RGCs, although their terminations are more patchy (Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011, Huberman et al., 2009). The ZI, a forebrain area ventral to the vLGN, also receives input from TRHR-RGCs.<br />
<br />
[[File:Trhr_dlgn_RE2011.PNG|500px|thumb|right|TRHR-RGC axons terminate in a laminar distribution throughout the dLGN and vLGN. A. The LGN labeled with CTb-594. B. The LGN labeled with GFP, showing where TRHR-RGC axons project to. Arrows indicate projetions to the ZI. C. Merge of both CTb and GFP. scale = 250um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011.]]<br />
[[File:Trhr_sc_RE2011.PNG|500px|thumb|none|TRHR-RGC axons terminate in a clear laminar distribution throughout the upper stratum griseum superficialis (uSGS). B. RGC axons labeled with CTb-594. D. Axons of TRHR-RGCs terminate in the lSGS in clumps. F. Axons of DRD4-RGCs also terminate in the uSGS, although in a more uniform fashion. Scale = 250um. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]<br />
[[File:Trhr_zi_Re2011.PNG|500px|thumb|right|Interestingly, TRHR-RGC axons also project to the zona incerta (ZI). Scale = 30um. D'. RGC axons stained with CTb-594. E'. TRHR-RGC axon terminations within the ZI stained with GFP. F' Merge of both. Image adapted from Rivlin-Etzion et al., 2011]]<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Although the presence of On-Off DSGCs have been known since 1968, the central projections and molecular markers for each subtype of On-Off DSGC have not been fully uncovered. The use of transgenic mice has made this task increasingly easier. This particular subtype of On-Off DSGC was discovered by Rivlin-Etzion et al. in 2011.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Huberman AD, Wei W, Elstrott J, Stafford BK, Feller MB, Barres BA (2009). Genetic identification of an On-Off direction selective ganglion cell subtype reveals a layer-specific subcortical map of posterior motion. Neuron 62, 327-334. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=huberman+2009+posterior PubMed] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140054/ Free PMC article]<br />
<br />
Rivlin-Etzion M, Zhou K, Wei W, Elstrott J, Nguyen PL, Barres BA, Huberman AD, Feller MB (2011). Transgenic mice reveal unexpected diversity of ON-Off direction selective ganglion cell subtypes and brain structures involved in motion processing. J Neurosci. 31, 8760-8769. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677160 PubMed] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139540/ Free PMC article]<br />
<br />
{{Retinal Neuron Types/es}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Retinal Neuron Types]]</div>Ortegargz