Difference between revisions of "Retinal Neuron Classification"

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<div style="font-size:200%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000; align:center">Retinal Neuron Classification</div>
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Retinal Neuron Classification</translate></div>
 
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The classification of neuronal cell types has been an endeavor pursued by many in the scientific community, particularly in the retina. The neurons within the retina provide the only gateway to the rest of the visual system--arguably making it one of the most accessible sensory systems to study in all species. To understand how the brain processes visual stimuli, we must first understand the basic building blocks of the visual pathway, beginning with the multitudinous components of visual processing in each retinal layer.  
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To understand how a brain perceives and processes sensory information, many researchers look to the visual system - a system that makes its start with the neurons in the retina. Starting with Ramon y Cajal, large amounts of effort have been devoted to characterizing retinal neurons, in the hope to develop better tools to control and interact with those cells types, and improve models of information processing. [1]
  
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Many researchers are simultaneously attempting the classification of retinal neurons, coming up with new types and categorizations at a rapid rate; it often becomes complicated to distinguish between cell types, or to discern which types correspond with each other. Without the ability to uniformly identify a specific type, it is difficult to cross-correlate between studies, and more tedious than it should be to gain access to the entirety of known facts about a cell type. In order for researchers to conduct future studies, it becomes beneficial to effectively use the information already available to us.  
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Using the mouse as a model organism, there has recently been significant progress in classifying retinal neuron types via molecular and genetic methods; researchers estimate over half of the types have been definitively identified. [2] Combined with the increasing effectiveness of circuit reconstructions, that progress is expected to quicken. To fully harness this fast-growing knowledge base and design effective future studies, it's imperative that researchers are able to quickly find existing cell type information and easily add new findings.  
  
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==Our Purpose==
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The goal of this wiki is to create a platform that consolidates information from existing retinal neuron classifications into one database. Our aims can further be broken down into these points:
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Please join us and help the community in this drive to characterize all the retinal neuron types and clarify our understanding of how we see the world.
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* To crowdsource cell type descriptions from experts in the field
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* To make readily accessible the relevant literature concerning each cell type
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* To
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==Contributions==
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==Our Purpose== <!--T:5-->
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fdfkdjfa;dfsf
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The goal of this wiki is to consolidate information from existing retinal neuron classifications and accomplish the following:
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* To establish a complete and accurate list of retinal neuron types, including synonyms
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* To provide information about each cell type, with links to the relevant literature
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* To cross-reference with information about cell types generated by EyeWire and showcased in [http://museum.eyewire.org/| Cell Museum]
  
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==Our Approach== <!--T:6-->
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Because there is so much information about so many cell types being generated, a single person cannot document it all.
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We believe that the wiki must be developed collectively by multiple contributors from the research community.
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This approach will also keep the information current as new research is published.
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We hope that this wiki will act as a useful resource for those conducting research in the retina and the rest of the visual system, and help us all in a collective effort to make a complete catalog of murine retinal neurons.
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==Contribute== <!--T:7-->
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The wiki will not succeed without your help. '''If you are interested in contributing, please [http://54.88.64.197/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Main+Page&type=signup create an account] with us and begin editing.'''
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Existing pages are listed below in <span style="color:blue;">blue</span>, while suggested pages are listed in <span style="color:red;">red</span>. You can also create a new page by typing the title of your new page in the search box, then following the prompts that follow. You can add your new page to the table below by putting your page name in <code><nowiki>[[double brackets]]</nowiki></code> in the appropriate place in the editing box (click the 'E' on the upper left side of the box to edit). Some useful wiki mark-ups can be found [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup here].
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If you have never edited a wiki before and require assistance, or if you have any suggestions for this wiki, [mailto:makasako@princeton.edu| email us] and we will be glad to help.
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{{Retinal Neuron Types}}
 
{{Retinal Neuron Types}}
  
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==References== <!--T:11-->
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[1] [http://braininitiative.nih.gov/pdf/BRAIN2025_508C.pdf Brain 2025: A Scientific Vision; Goal #1]
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[2] Sanes JR and Masland RH (2015). The types of retinal ganglion cells: current status and implications for neuronal classification. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 38, 221-246. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897874 PubMed]
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Latest revision as of 18:25, 14 June 2016

Retinal Neuron Classification

To understand how a brain perceives and processes sensory information, many researchers look to the visual system - a system that makes its start with the neurons in the retina. Starting with Ramon y Cajal, large amounts of effort have been devoted to characterizing retinal neurons, in the hope to develop better tools to control and interact with those cells types, and improve models of information processing. [1]

Using the mouse as a model organism, there has recently been significant progress in classifying retinal neuron types via molecular and genetic methods; researchers estimate over half of the types have been definitively identified. [2] Combined with the increasing effectiveness of circuit reconstructions, that progress is expected to quicken. To fully harness this fast-growing knowledge base and design effective future studies, it's imperative that researchers are able to quickly find existing cell type information and easily add new findings.

Please join us and help the community in this drive to characterize all the retinal neuron types and clarify our understanding of how we see the world.

Our Purpose

The goal of this wiki is to consolidate information from existing retinal neuron classifications and accomplish the following:

  • To establish a complete and accurate list of retinal neuron types, including synonyms
  • To provide information about each cell type, with links to the relevant literature
  • To cross-reference with information about cell types generated by EyeWire and showcased in Cell Museum

Our Approach

Because there is so much information about so many cell types being generated, a single person cannot document it all. We believe that the wiki must be developed collectively by multiple contributors from the research community. This approach will also keep the information current as new research is published. We hope that this wiki will act as a useful resource for those conducting research in the retina and the rest of the visual system, and help us all in a collective effort to make a complete catalog of murine retinal neurons.

Contribute

The wiki will not succeed without your help. If you are interested in contributing, please create an account with us and begin editing.

Existing pages are listed below in blue, while suggested pages are listed in red. You can also create a new page by typing the title of your new page in the search box, then following the prompts that follow. You can add your new page to the table below by putting your page name in [[double brackets]] in the appropriate place in the editing box (click the 'E' on the upper left side of the box to edit). Some useful wiki mark-ups can be found here.

If you have never edited a wiki before and require assistance, or if you have any suggestions for this wiki, email us and we will be glad to help.

Retinal Neuron Types
Photoreceptors
Bw1r ooDSGC.PNG
Horizontal Cell
  • fill me in!
Amacrine Cell
Bipolar Cell
OFF
ON
Ganglion Cell
On-Off Direction-Selective
On Direction Selective
Off Direction Selective
Alpha
ON sustained
  • write something!
ON transient
  • fill me in!
OFF sustained
  • fill me in!
OFF transient
Local Edge Detectors
Intrinsically Photosensitive (ipRGC)

References

[1] Brain 2025: A Scientific Vision; Goal #1

[2] Sanes JR and Masland RH (2015). The types of retinal ganglion cells: current status and implications for neuronal classification. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 38, 221-246. PubMed

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